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of Chest Springs and on a couple of miles to the north-east of Carrolltown; thence to Canoe Place (now Cherrytree), and from thence to the Indian town of Kittanning, on the Allegheny, then known by the Indian name of "O-he-o' (Ohio).
It is said that this path extended from the red pipe stone quarry in Minnesota into Canada, and over it we can fancy in imagination Longfellow's legendary Hiawatha passing with giant strides to the land of the Dakotas, to woo and win and bring back as his bride, Minnehaha (Laughing Water), to the old home of Nakomis.
The "clear fields" were three small patches of cleared land - the largest of them about an acre and a half in size where the Indians raised maize, as was attested by the fact that when the first settlers came to the region there were yet standing thereon stubbles of corn stalks. The Indians fertilized their corn by placing fish from the streams in the ground under the hills. The cultivation was done by the use of mussel shells, or other shells, for hoes. Succotash is an Indian mixture of corn and beans, considered a nourishing article of food.
A circular piece of clear ground about 300 feet in diameter with a red oak tree in the center and an Indian cemetery near by on land of the Noal heirs near St. Augustine was visited by the writer thirty years ago, as also an excavation on land of the late Silas Douglass, where the Indians dug yellow ochre to burn, it is said, to produce a pigment like Venetian red, and near it a place where pottery was burned, and what was the most interesting of all the site of an ancient earthwork with an Indian cemetery near by, in White Township.
In connection with this earthwork lie the circumstances by reason of which the writer is reputed to be a local historian, although others with the advantages he has enjoyed might have far surpassed him.
Having learned from his good friend, the late 'Squire E. R. Dunnegan, some additional facts in regard to an earthwork mentioned in Day's Historical Collections, of an earthwork near Slate Lick Run, that the late Father James Keough, when assistant pastor of St. Augustine had been conducting an investigation in regard to the supposed migration of a company of Catholics from Maryland, fleeing to Canada in the time of Claiborne's rebellion in that prov-
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